Sunday, August 28, 2011

What is a "Sequence"

I'm interested in the term sequence as used by Patrick Hanan, for example on p. 31 of The Chinese Vernacular Story: "...the story is realized in six major scene sequences." "Sequence" as a term in narrative theory is defined neither in Booth, The Rhetoric of Fiction, nor Kellog and Scholes, The Nature of Narrative. It does appear, though in Robert McKee's Story: Style, Substance and the Principles of Screenwriting, where we see a definition perhaps peculiar to the screenplay:
A SEQUENCE is a series of scenes -- generally two to five -- that culminates with greater impact than any previous scene. 
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There is also the term "literary sequence," as in:
'Characters' are by definition in determined contexts (i.e. they are parts of a literary sequence involved in a plot)...
--The Routledge dictionary of literary terms

We can see here that plot can be defined as the set of all sequences in a short story. I think "sequence" is even more useful than "plot," because sequences are the units of the short story that the author must have seen. They are the equivalents of scene changes in drama, but in fiction we can have shifts in object of description (update: Hanan's focus) other than changes of scene, such as in Xizao chapter 4, which has Yun Nan shifting his gaze towards different characters in a big meeting. I would say that the entire scene is made up of short sequences that take as their objects the different characters, their physical appearances and hints about their role in the upcoming story. UPDATE: Nope, that's not what Hanan had in mind (return to p. 31-2), so I was off the mark in this initial analysis. (I preserve it show wrong I can be!) The scene sequence is represented by the entire chapter, with Yun Nan's tardiness illustrated, then explained, then resolved.
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Another useful clue pointing the way towards my definition is from a book on "lyric writing," which gives "sequence" as
"a series of similar constructions that begin with the same kind of word -- a verb, adverb, adjective and so on..."
--Sheila Davis, The craft of lyric writing

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